Black Belt Essay

A translation of the Chang Hon pattern set into Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean, including an English-Korean/Korean-English Taekwon-Do dictionary

Third dan thesis, submitted by Mark Banicevich, II dan
ITFNZ Papakura/University of Auckland

Introduction

I have been interested in languages for as long as I can remember. As a child, while my friends wanted to be police officers and firemen, I wanted to be a translator. My dreams have changed, but my interest has not. When I began Taekwon-Do in 1989, it was only natural that Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean would become an area of special interest for me.

I do not speak Korean. I have not studied the Korean language. Terminology used in this thesis is from Choi Hong Hi, Condensed Encyclopaedia of Taekwon-Do (2^nd ed, 1991). Interestingly, General Choi revealed in his January 1998, Auckland seminar that Taekwon-Do terminology was developed in English. Korean terminology was developed later.

An important hindrance to this thesis was the inconsistent Romanisation of the Korean language in the condensed encyclopaedia. For example, "knee" is "moorup" in some places, and "murup" in others. General Choi is fluent in English and Korean, and he has attempted to Romanise Korean terms as they are pronounced. Perhaps it would have been preferable to use a Romanising convention, because the associated rules lead to understandable and consistent pronunciation.

In the long term, it would be interesting to purchase the Korean edition of the Condensed Encyclopaedia of Taekwon-Do, and Romanise the terms according to convention. For some, Master Choi’s talking dictionary in the recently released CD-ROM may negate any perceived need to do so. However I, for one, find pronunciation easier if I can read what I am trying to say.

Despite this drawback, I hope that my thesis is of interest to my fellow students of Taekwon-Do. I hope others find this a convenient and useful aid to learning Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean.

The moral rights of the author have been asserted.

Acknowledgements

I would like to sincerely thank Dr Young Hee Lee, of the University of Auckland Korean Department for her help in overcoming the obstacles, and for some additional Korean words.

I would like to thank Master Choi Jung Hwa, Secretary General of the International Taekwon-Do Federation, for additional Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean.

I would also like to thank General Choi Hong Hi, President of the International Taekwon-Do Federation, for allowing me to ask a technical question about Tong-Il, and for Taekwon-Do.

Finally, I would like to thank Mr Paul McPhail, Chairman of the ITFNZ Instruction and Techniques Subcommittee, who provided me with the Taekwon-Do patterns in English in digital format.

English-Korean/Korean-English Taekwon-Do dictionary

Most of the terms in this dictionary are from the Condensed Encyclopaedia of Taekwon-Do (2^nd ed). Some additional terminology was provided by Master Choi Jung Hwa, and some common Korean words were provided by Dr Young Hee Lee. Because the CD-ROM arrived only recently, terms from this source have not been included.

Where possible, terminology has been broken down into its component parts. This has resulted in a considerably shorter, and less daunting list. This is not the place for a student to learn correct terminology. That would require a complete list of the 3200 Taekwon-Do techniques. With this dictionary, a student may translate correct Taekwon-Do terminology in English into correct Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean. Correct Taekwon-Do terminology in English may be found in the Condensed Encyclopaedia.

There is more than one way to order words in Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean. The method that seems to be used most frequently in the encyclopaedia is illustrated below:

	EXAMPLE 1	EXAMPLE 2
direction of stance	A-bang	D-bang
left/right	wen	orun
stance/flying/ground	gunnun so	niunja so
direction of technique		C-bang
tool	an palmok	dung joomuk
spot		gujari
height	kaunde	nopunde
inward/outward	bakuro
obverse/reverse	baro	baro
technique name	yop	yopdwi
technique type	magumyo	taerigi
forward/backward	dwiro
type of movement	omgyo didimyo dolgi

	EXAMPLE 3	EXAMPLE 4
direction of stance
left/right	Orun
stance/flying/ground	pihamyo	Noowo
direction of technique	D-bang
tool	ap kumchi
spot		gujari
height	nopunde
inward/outward
obverse/reverse
technique name	yop dollyo	yop-bituro
technique type	cha	chagi
forward/backward	duruogi
type of movement

EXAMPLE 1

Backward step turning to A to form a left walking stance inner forearm middle outward obverse side block.

A-bang wen gunnun so an palmok kaunde bakuro baro yop magumyo dwiro omgyo didimyo dolgi.

EXAMPLE 2

Spot exercise to D to form a right L-stance backfist high obverse side back strike to C.

D-bang orun niunja so C-bang dung joomuk gujari nopunde baro yopdwi taerigi.

EXAMPLE 3

Dodging backward while executing a ball of the foot side turning kick to D.

Orun pihamyo D-bang ap kumchi nopunde yop dollyo cha duruogi.

EXAMPLE 4

Spot exercise ground side-twisting kick.

Noowo gujari yop-bituro chagi.

Conjugating verbs

Conjugation is the instance of changing the form of a verb. When a verb is used in the middle of a phrase, it will change form. For example, jirugi (punch) becomes jirumyo nagagi (forward stepping punch). The conjugated form of Taekwon-Do terms, where they are known, is shown in parentheses after the original entry.

Pattern translation

The translation examples given above are complete, and very complex. To increase the usefulness of the finished translations, it was decided, following the suggestion of Mr McPhail, that some of the complexity would be removed. To this end, only the underlying pattern movement has been translated. The direction of movement, and type of stepping has not been translated.

The movements of saju jirugi and saju makgi have been translated more completely. In other cases, terms are excluded from a phrase when they are obvious or assumed. For example, a forearm low block is assumed to be an outer forearm outward obverse low block unless otherwise stated. This follows the format used by General Choi.

	Four Direction Punch	Saju Jirugi.
	Ready posture: Parallel ready stance.	Junbi jase: Narani junbi sogi.

	Right side.
1.	Right walking stance forefist middle obverse front punch.	Orun gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde baro ap jirugi.	1.
2.	Left walking stance outer forearm low outward obverse side block.	Wen gunnun so bakat palmok najunde bakuro baro yop makgi.	2.
3.	As 1.	As 1.	3.
4.	As 2.	As 2.	4.
5.	As 1.	As 1.	5.
6.	As 2.	As 2.	6.
7.	As 1.	As 1.	7.
	End: Bring the right foot back to ready posture.

	Left side.
1.	Left walking stance forefist middle obverse front punch.	Wen gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde baro ap jirugi.	1.
2.	Right walking stance outer forearm low outward obverse side block.	Orun gunnun so bakat palmok najunde bakuro baro yop makgi.	2.
3.	As 1.	As 1.	3.
4.	As 2.	As 2.	4.
5.	As 1.	As 1.	5.
6.	As 2.	As 2.	6.
7.	As 1.	As 1.	7.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Four Direction Block	Saju Makgi.
	Ready posture: Parallel ready stance.	Junbi jase: Narani junbi sogi.

	Right side.
1.	Left walking stance knife-hand low outward obverse side block.	Wen gunnun so sonkal najunde bakuro baro yop makgi.	1.
2.	Right walking stance inner forearm middle outward obverse side block.	Orun gunnun so anpalmok kaunde bakuro baro yop makgi.	2.
3.	As 1.	As 1.	3.
4.	As 2.	As 2.	4.
5.	As 1.	As 1.	5.
6.	As 2.	As 2.	6.
7.	As 1.	As 1.	7.
8.	As 2.	As 2.	8.
	End: Bring the right foot back to ready posture.

	Left side.
1.	Right walking stance knife-hand low outward obverse side block.	Orun gunnun so sonkal najunde bakuro baro yop makgi.	1.
2.	Left walking stance inner forearm middle outward obverse side block.	Wen gunnun so anpalmok kaunde bakuro baro yop makgi.	2.
3.	As 1.	As 1.	3.
4.	As 2.	As 2.	4.
5.	As 1.	As 1.	5.
6.	As 2.	As 2.	6.
7.	As 1.	As 1.	7.
8.	As 2.	As 2.	8.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Chon-Ji	Chon-Ji Tul.
	Ready posture: Parallel ready stance.	Junbi jase: Narani junbi sogi.
1.	Left walking stance forearm low block.	Wen gunnun so palmok najunde makgi.	1.
2.	Right walking stance middle punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	2.
3.	Right walking stance forearm low block.	Orun gunnun so palmok najunde makgi.	3.
4.	Left walking stance middle punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	4.
5.	As 1.	As 1.	5.
6.	As 2.	As 2.	6.
7.	As 3.	As 3.	7.
8.	As 4.	As 4.	8.
9.	Right L-stance inner forearm middle side block.	Orun niunja so anpalmok kaunde yop makgi.	9.
10.	As 2.	As 2.	10.
11.	Left L-stance inner forearm middle side block.	Wen niunja so anpalmok kaunde yop makgi.	11.
12.	As 4.	As 4.	12.
13.	As 9.	As 9.	13.
14.	As 2.	As 2.	14.
15.	As 11.	As 11.	15.
16.	As 4.	As 4.	16.
17.	As 2.	As 2.	17.
18.	As 4.	As 4.	18.
19.	As 2.	As 2.	19.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Dan Gun	Dan-Gun Tul.
	Ready posture: Parallel ready stance.	Junbi jase: Narani junbi sogi.
1.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	1.
2.	Right walking stance high punch.	Orun gunnun so nopunde jirugi.	2.
3.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	3.
4.	Left walking stance high punch.	Wen gunnun so nopunde jirugi.	4.
5.	Left walking stance forearm low block.	Wen gunnun so palmok najunde makgi.	5.
6.	As 2.	As 2.	6.
7.	As 4.	As 4.	7.
8.	As 2.	As 2.	8.
9.	Right L-stance twin forearm block.	Orun niunja so sang palmok makgi.	9.
10.	As 2.	As 2.	10.
11.	Left L-stance twin forearm block.	Wen niunja so sang palmok makgi.	11.
12.	As 4.	As 4.	12.
13.	Left walking stance forearm low block.	Wen gunnun so palmok najunde makgi.	13.
14.	Left walking stance forearm rising block.	Wen gunnun so palmok chookyo makgi.	14.
	Perform 13 and 14 in a continuous motion.
15.	Right walking stance forearm rising block.	Orun gunnun so palmok chookyo makgi.	15.
16.	Left walking stance forearm rising block.	Wen gunnun so palmok chookyo makgi.	16.
17.	As 15.	As 15.	17.
18.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle outward strike.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde bakuro taerigi.	18.
19.	As 2.	As 2.	19.
20.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle outward strike.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde bakuro taerigi.	20.
21.	As 4.	As 4.	21.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Do-San	Do-San Tul.
	Ready posture: Parallel ready stance.	Junbi jase: Narani junbi sogi.
1.	Left walking stance outer forearm high side block.	Wen gunnun so bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi.	1.
2.	Left walking stance middle reverse punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	2.
3.	Right walking stance outer forearm high side block.	Orun gunnun so bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi.	3.
4.	Right walking stance middle reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	4.
5.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	5.
6.	Right walking stance straight fingertip middle thrust.	Orun gunnun so sun sonkut kaunde tulgi.	6.
7.	Release from a grab, left walking stance back fist high side strike.	Jappyosul tae, wen gunnun so dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	7.
8.	Right walking stance back fist high side strike.	Orun gunnun so dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	8.
9.	As 1.	As 1.	9.
10.	As 2.	As 2.	10.
11.	As 3.	As 3.	11.
12.	As 4.	As 4.	12.
13.	Left walking stance outer forearm high wedging block.	Wen gunnun so bakat palmok nopunde hechyo makgi.	13.
14.	Right middle front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 13.	Orun kaunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 13].	14.
15.	Right walking stance middle punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	15.
16.	Right walking stance middle reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	16.
	Perform 15 and 16 in a fast motion.
17.	Right walking stance outer forearm high wedging block.	Orun gunnun so bakat palmok nopunde hechyo makgi.	17.
18.	Left middle front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 17.	Wen kaunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 17].	18.
19.	Left walking stance middle punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	19.
20.	Left walking stance middle reverse punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	20.
	Perform 19 and 20 in a fast motion.
21.	Left walking stance forearm rising block.	Wen gunnun so palmok chookyo makgi.	21.
22.	Right walking stance forearm rising block.	Orun gunnun so palmok chookyo makgi.	22.
23.	Sitting stance left knife-hand middle side strike.	Annun so wen sonkal kaunde yop taerigi.	23.
24.	Sitting stance right knife-hand middle side strike.	Annun so orun sonkal kaunde yop taerigi.	24.
	End: Bring the right foot back to ready posture.

	Won-Hyo	Won-Hyo Tul.
	Ready posture: Close ready stance A.	Junbi jase: Moa junbi sogi A.
1.	Right L-stance twin forearm block.	Orun niunja so sang palmok makgi.	1.
2.	Right L-stance knife-hand high inward strike, bringing the left side fist in front of the right shoulder.	Orun niunja so sonkal nopunde anuro taerigi, [bringing the left side fist in front of the right shoulder].	2.
3.	Left fixed stance middle side punch.	Wen gojung so kaunde yop jirugi.	3.
4.	Left L-stance twin forearm block.	Wen niunja so sang palmok makgi.	4.
5.	Left L-stance knife-hand high inward strike, bringing the right side fist in front of the left shoulder.	Wen niunja so sonkal nopunde anuro taerigi, [bringing the right side fist in front of the left shoulder].	5.
6.	Right fixed stance middle side punch.	Orun gojung so kaunde yop jirugi.	6.
7.	Right bending ready stance A.	Orun guburyo junbi sogi A.	7.
8.	Left middle side piercing kick.	Wen kaunde yopcha jirugi.	8.
9.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	9.
10.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	10.
11.	As 9.	As 9.	11.
12.	Right walking stance straight fingertip middle thrust.	Orun gunnun so sun sonkut kaunde tulgi.	12.
13.	As 1.	As 1.	13.
14.	As 2.	As 2.	14.
15.	As 3.	As 3.	15.
16.	As 4.	As 4.	16.
17.	As 5.	As 5.	17.
18.	As 6.	As 6.	18.
19.	Left walking stance inner forearm circular block.	Wen gunnun so anpalmok dollimyo makgi.	19.
20.	Right low front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 19.	Orun najunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 19].	20.
21.	Right walking stance middle reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	21.
22.	Right walking stance inner forearm circular block.	Orun gunnun so anpalmok dollimyo makgi.	22.
23.	Left low front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 22.	Wen najunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 22].	23.
24.	Left walking stance middle reverse punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	24.
25.	Left bending ready stance A.	Wen guburyo junbi sogi A.	25.
26.	Right middle side piercing kick.	Orun kaunde yopcha jirugi.	26.
27.	Right L-stance forearm middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so palmok kaunde daebi makgi.	27.
28.	Left L-stance forearm middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so palmok kaunde daebi makgi.	28.
	End: Bring the right foot back to ready posture.

	Yul Gok	Yul-Gok Tul.
	Ready posture: Parallel ready stance.	Junbi jase: Narani junbi sogi.
1.	Sitting stance, extending the left fist to the side front horizontally.	Annun sogi, [extending the left fist to the side front horizontally].	1.
2.	Sitting stance right fist middle front punch.	Annun so orun joomuk kaunde ap jirugi.	2.
3.	Sitting stance left fist middle front punch.	Annun so wen joomuk kaunde ap jirugi.	3.
	Perform 2 and 3 in a fast motion.
4.	Sitting stance, extending the right fist to the side front horizontally.	Annun sogi, [extending the right fist to the side front horizontally].	4.
5.	Sitting stance left fist middle front punch.	Annun so wen joomuk kaunde ap jirugi.	5.
6.	Sitting stance right fist middle front punch.	Annun so orun joomuk kaunde ap jirugi.	6.
	Perform 5 and 6 in a fast motion.
7.	Right walking stance inner forearm middle side block.	Orun gunnun so anpalmok kaunde yop makgi.	7.
8.	Left low front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 7.	Wen najunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 7].	8.
9.	Left walking stance middle punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	9.
10.	Left walking stance middle reverse punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	10.
	Perform 9 and 10 in a fast motion.
11.	Left walking stance inner forearm middle side block.	Wen gunnun so anpalmok kaunde yop makgi.	11.
12.	Right low front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 11.	Orun najunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 11].	12.
13.	Right walking stance middle punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	13.
14.	Right walking stance middle reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	14.
	Perform 13 and 14 in a fast motion.
15.	Right walking stance palm middle hooking block.	Orun gunnun so sonbadak kaunde golcho makgi.	15.
16.	Right walking stance palm middle reverse hooking block.	Orun gunnun so sonbadak kaunde bandae golcho makgi.	16.
17.	Right walking stance middle punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	17.
	Perform 16 and 17 in a connecting motion.
18.	Left walking stance palm middle hooking block.	Wen gunnun so sonbadak kaunde golcho makgi.	18.
19.	Left walking stance palm middle reverse hooking block.	Wen gunnun so sonbadak kaunde bandae golcho makgi.	19.
20.	Left walking stance middle punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	20.
	Perform 19 and 20 in a connecting motion.
21.	Right walking stance middle punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	21.
22.	Right bending ready stance A.	Orun guburyo junbi sogi A.	22.
23.	Left middle side piercing kick.	Wen kaunde yopcha jirugi.	23.
24.	Left walking stance front elbow reverse strike, striking the left palm.	Wen gunnun so ap palkup bandae taerigi, [striking the left palm].	24.
25.	Left bending ready stance A.	Wen guburyo junbi sogi A.	25.
26.	Right middle side piercing kick.	Orun kaunde yopcha jirugi.	26.
27.	Right walking stance front elbow reverse strike, striking the right palm.	Orun gunnun so ap palkup bandae taerigi, [striking the right palm].	27.
28.	Right L-stance twin knife-hand block.	Orun niunja so sang sonkal makgi.	28.
29.	Right walking stance straight fingertip middle thrust.	Orun gunnun so sun sonkut kaunde tulgi.	29.
30.	Left L-stance twin knife-hand block.	Wen niunja so sang sonkal makgi.	30.
31.	Left walking stance straight fingertip middle thrust.	Wen gunnun so sun sonkut kaunde tulgi.	31.
32.	Left walking stance outer forearm high side block.	Wen gunnun so bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi.	32.
33.	Left walking stance middle reverse punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	33.
34.	Right walking stance outer forearm high side block.	Orun gunnun so bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi.	34.
35.	Right walking stance middle reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	35.
36.	Jump, left X-stance back fist high side strike.	Twigi, wen kyocha so dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	36.
37.	Right walking stance double forearm high block.	Orun gunnun so doo palmok nopunde makgi.	37.
38.	Left walking stance double forearm high block.	Wen gunnun so doo palmok nopunde makgi.	38.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Joong-Gun	Joong-Gun Tul.
	Ready posture: Close ready stance B.	Junbi jase: Moa junbi sogi B.
1.	Right L-stance reverse knife-hand middle block.	Orun niunja so sonkal dung kaunde makgi.	1.
2.	Left low side front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 1.	Wen najunde yobap cha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 1].	2.
3.	Left rear foot stance palm reverse upward block.	Wen dwitbal so sonbadak bandae ollyo makgi.	3.
4.	Left L-stance reverse knife-hand middle block.	Wen niunja so sonkal dung kaunde makgi.	4.
5.	Right low side front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 4.	Orun najunde yobap cha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 4].	5.
6.	Right rear foot stance palm reverse upward block.	Orun dwitbal so sonbadak bandae ollyo makgi.	6.
7.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	7.
8.	Left walking stance upper elbow reverse strike.	Wen gunnun so wi palkup bandae taerigi.	8.
9.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	9.
10.	Right walking stance upper elbow reverse strike.	Orun gunnun so wi palkup bandae taerigi.	10.
11.	Left walking stance twin fist high vertical punch .	Wen gunnun so sang joomuk nopunde sewo jirugi.	11.
12.	Right walking stance twin fist upset punch.	Orun gunnun so sang joomuk dwijibo jirugi.	12.
13.	Left walking stance X-fist rising block.	Wen gunnun so kyocha joomuk chookyo makgi.	13.
14.	Right L-stance back fist high side strike.	Orun niunja so dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	14.
15.	Left walking stance releasing from a grab.	Wen gunnun so jappyosul tae.	15.
16.	Left walking stance high reverse punch.	Wen gunnun so nopunde bandae jirugi.	16.
	Perform 15 and 16 in a fast motion.
17.	Left L- stance back fist high side strike.	Wen niunja so dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	17.
18.	Right walking stance releasing from a grab.	Orun gunnun so jappyosul tae.	18.
19.	Right walking stance high reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so nopunde bandae jirugi.	19.
	Perform 18 and 19 in a fast motion.
20.	Left walking stance double forearm high block.	Wen gunnun so doo palmok nopunde makgi.	20.
21.	Right L-stance middle side punch.	Orun niunja so kaunde yop jirugi.	21.
22.	Right middle side piercing kick.	Orun kaunde yopcha jirugi.	22.
23.	Right walking stance double forearm high block.	Orun gunnun so doo palmok nopunde makgi.	23.
24.	Left L-stance middle side punch.	Wen niunja so kaunde yop jirugi.	24.
25.	Left middle side piercing kick.	Wen kaunde yopcha jirugi.	25.
26.	Right L-stance forearm middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so palmok kaunde daebi makgi.	26.
27.	Left low stance palm reverse pressing block. Perform in a slow motion.	Wen nachuo so sonbadak bandae noollo makgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	27.
28.	Left L-stance forearm middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so palmok kaunde daebi makgi.	28.
29.	Right low stance palm reverse pressing block. Perform in a slow motion.	Orun nachuo so sonbadak bandae noollo makgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	29.
30.	Close stance right angle punch. Perform in a slow motion.	Moa so orun giokja jirugi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	30.
31.	Right fixed stance U-shape block.	Orun gojung so digutja makgi.	31.
32.	Left fixed stance U-shape block.	Wen gojung so digutja makgi.	32.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Toi-Gye	Toi-Gye Tul.
	Ready posture: Close ready stance B.	Junbi jase: Moa junbi sogi B.
1.	Right L-stance inner forearm middle block.	Orun niunja so anpalmok kaunde makgi.	1.
2.	Left walking stance upset fingertip low thrust.	Wen gunnun so dwijibun sonkut najunde tulgi.	2.
3.	Close stance right back fist side back strike, extending the left arm to the side-downward. Perform in a slow motion.	Moa so orun dung joomuk yopdwi taerigi, [extending the left arm to the side downward. Perform in a slow motion.]	3.
4.	Left L-stance inner forearm middle block.	Wen niunja so anpalmok kaunde makgi.	4.
5.	Right walking stance upset fingertip low thrust.	Orun gunnun so dwijibun sonkut najunde tulgi.	5.
6.	Close stance left back fist side back strike, extending the right arm to the side-downward. Perform in a slow motion.	Moa so wen dung joomuk yopdwi taerigi, [extending the right arm to the side downward. Perform in a slow motion.]	6.
7.	Left walking stance X-fist pressing block.	Wen gunnun so kyocha joomuk noollo makgi.	7.
8.	Left walking stance twin fist high vertical punch.	Wen gunnun so sang joomuk nopunde sewo jirugi.	8.
	Perform 7 and 8 in a continuous motion.
9	Right middle front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 8.	Orun kaunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 8].	9
10.	Right walking stance middle punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	10.
11.	Right walking stance middle reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	11.
12.	Close stance twin side elbow thrust. Perform in a slow motion.	Moa so sang yop palkup tulgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	12.
13.	Stamping motion, sitting stance right outer forearm W-shape block.	[Stamping motion,] annun so orun bakat palmok san makgi.	13.
14.	Stamping motion, sitting stance left outer forearm W-shape block.	[Stamping motion,] annun so wen bakat palmok san makgi.	14.
15.	As 14.	As 14.	15.
16.	As 13.	As 13.	16.
17.	As 14.	As 14.	17.
18.	As 14.	As 14.	18.
19.	Right L-stance double forearm low pushing block.	Orun niunja so doo palmok najunde miro makgi.	19.
20.	Left walking stance, extending both hands upward as if to grab the opponent’s head.	Wen gunnun sogi, [extending both hands upward as if to grab the opponent’s head].	20.
21.	Right knee upward kick, pulling both hands downward.	Orun moorup ollyo chagi, [pulling both hands downward].	21.
22.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	22.
23.	Left low side front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 22.	Wen najunde yobap cha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 22].	23.
24.	Left walking stance flat fingertip high thrust.	Wen gunnun so opun sonkut nopunde tulgi.	24.
25.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	25.
26.	Right low side front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 25.	Orun najunde yobap cha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 25].	26.
27.	Right walking stance flat fingertip high thrust.	Orun gunnun so opun sonkut nopunde tulgi.	27.
28.	Right L-stance back fist obverse side back strike and forearm low reverse block.	Orun niunja so dung joomuk baro yopdwi taerigi wa palmok najunde bandae makgi.	28.
29.	Jump, right X-stance X-fist pressing block.	Twigi, orun kyocha so kyocha joomuk noollo makgi.	29.
30.	Right walking stance double forearm high block.	Orun gunnun so doo palmok nopunde makgi.	30.
31.	Right L-stance knife-hand low guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal najunde daebi makgi.	31.
32.	Left walking stance inner forearm circular block.	Wen gunnun so anpalmok dollimyo makgi.	32.
33.	Left L-stance knife-hand low guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal najunde daebi makgi.	33.
34.	Right walking stance inner forearm circular block.	Orun gunnun so anpalmok dollimyo makgi.	34.
35.	As 32.	As 32.	35.
36.	As 34.	As 34.	36.
37.	Sitting stance right fist middle punch.	Annun so orun joomuk kaunde jirugi.	37.
	End: Bring the right foot back to ready posture.

	Hwa-Rang	Hwa-Rang Tul.
	Ready posture: Close ready stance C.	Junbi jase: Moa junbi sogi C.
1.	Sitting stance left palm middle side front pushing block.	Annun so wen sonbadak kaunde yobap miro makgi.	1.
2.	Sitting stance right fist middle front punch.	Annun so orun joomuk kaunde ap jirugi.	2.
3.	Sitting stance left fist middle front punch.	Annun so wen joomuk kaunde ap jirugi.	3.
4.	Left L-stance twin forearm block.	Wen niunja so sang palmok makgi.	4.
5.	Left L-stance obverse upward punch, pulling the right side fist in front of the left shoulder.	Wen niunja so baro ollyo jirugi, [pulling the right side fist in front of the left shoulder].	5.
6.	Sliding motion, right fixed stance middle side punch.	[Sliding motion,] orun gojung so kaunde yop jirugi.	6.
7.	Left vertical stance knife-hand reverse downward strike.	Wen soojik so sonkal bandae naeryo taerigi.	7.
8.	Left walking stance middle punch.	Wen gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	8.
9.	Left walking stance forearm low block.	Wen gunnun so palmok najunde makgi.	9.
10.	Right walking stance middle punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde jirugi.	10.
11.	Release from a grab, bringing the left palm to the right forefist.	Jappyosul tae, [bringing the left palm to the right forefist].	11.
12.	Right middle side piercing kick, pulling both hands in the opposite direction, left L-stance knife-hand middle outward strike.	Orun kaunde yopcha jirugi, [pulling both hands in the opposite direction], wen niunja so sonkal kaunde bakuro taerigi.	12.
13.	As 8.	As 8.	13.
14.	As 10.	As 10.	14.
15.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	15.
16.	Right walking stance straight fingertip middle thrust.	Orun gunnun so sun sonkut kaunde tulgi.	16.
17.	As 15.	As 15.	17.
18.	Right high turning kick.	Orun nopunde dollyo chagi.	18.
19.	Left high turning kick, right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen nopunde dollyo chagi, orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	19.
	Perform 18 and 19 in a fast motion.
20.	As 9.	As 9.	20.
21.	Right L-stance middle obverse punch.	Orun niunja so kaunde baro jirugi.	21.
22.	Left L-stance middle obverse punch.	Wen niunja so kaunde baro jirugi.	22.
23.	As 21.	As 21.	23.
24.	Left walking stance X-fist pressing block.	Wen gunnun so kyocha joomuk noollo makgi.	24.
25.	Sliding motion, right L-stance side elbow thrust.	[Sliding motion,] orun niunja so yop palkup tulgi.	25.
26.	Close stance right inner forearm side front block, extending the left forearm to the side-downward.	Moa so orun anpalmok yobap makgi, [extending the left forearm to the side downward].	26.
27.	Close stance left inner forearm side front block, extending the right forearm to the side-downward.	Moa so wen anpalmok yobap makgi, [extending the right forearm to the side downward].	27.
28.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	28.
29.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	29.
	End: Bring the right foot back to ready posture.

	Choong-Moo	Choong-Moo Tul.
	Ready posture: Parallel ready stance.	Junbi jase: Narani junbi sogi.
1.	Right L-stance twin knife-hand block.	Orun niunja so sang sonkal makgi.	1.
2.	Right walking stance knife-hand high front strike, bringing the left back hand in front of the forehead.	Orun gunnun so sonkal nopunde ap taerigi, [bringing the left back hand in front of the forehead].	2.
3.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	3.
4.	Left walking stance flat fingertip high thrust.	Wen gunnun so opun sonkut nopunde tulgi.	4.
5.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	5.
6.	Left bending ready stance A.	Wen guburyo junbi sogi A.	6.
7.	Right middle side piercing kick.	Orun kaunde yopcha jirugi.	7.
8.	As 5.	As 5.	8.
9.	Right flying side piercing kick, left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun twimyo yopcha jirugi, wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	9.
10.	Right L-stance forearm low side block.	Orun niunja so palmok najunde yop makgi.	10.
11.	Left walking stance, extending both hands upward as if to grab the opponent’s head.	Wen gunnun sogi, [extending both hands upward as if to grab the opponent’s head].	11.
12.	Right knee upward kick, pulling both hands downward.	Orun moorup ollyo chagi, [pulling both hands downward].	12.
13.	Left walking stance reverse knife-hand high reverse front strike, bringing the left back hand under the right elbow joint.	Wen gunnun so sonkal dung nopunde bandae ap taerigi, [bringing the left back hand under the right elbow joint].	13.
14.	Right high turning kick.	Orun nopunde dollyo chagi.	14.
15.	Left middle back piercing kick.	Wen kaunde dwitcha jirugi.	15.
	Perform 14 and 15 in a fast motion.
16.	Left L-stance forearm middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so palmok kaunde daebi makgi.	16.
17.	Left middle turning kick.	Wen kaunde dollyo chagi.	17.
18.	Right fixed stance U-shape block.	Orun gojung so digutja makgi.	18.
19.	Jump 360� counter clockwise, left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Twigi [360� counter-clockwise], wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	19.
20.	Left walking stance upset fingertip low thrust.	Wen gunnun so dwijibun sonkut najunde tulgi.	20.
21.	Right L-stance back fist obverse side back strike and forearm low reverse block.	Orun niunja so dung joomuk baro yopdwi taerigi wa palmok najunde bandae makgi.	21.
22.	Right walking stance straight fingertip middle thrust.	Orun gunnun so sun sonkut kaunde tulgi.	22.
23.	Left walking stance double forearm high block.	Wen gunnun so doo palmok nopunde makgi.	23.
24.	Sitting stance right forearm middle front block, right back fist high side strike.	Annun so orun palmok kaunde ap makgi, orun dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	24.
25.	Right middle side piercing kick.	Orun kaunde yopcha jirugi.	25.
26.	Left middle side piercing kick.	Wen kaunde yopcha jirugi.	26.
27.	Left L-stance X-knifehand checking block.	Wen niunja so kyocha sonkal momchau makgi.	27.
28.	Left walking stance twin palm upward block.	Wen gunnun so sang sonbadak ollyo makgi.	28.
29.	Right walking stance forearm rising block.	Orun gunnun so palmok chookyo makgi.	29.
30.	Right walking stance middle reverse punch.	Orun gunnun so kaunde bandae jirugi.	30.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Kwang-Gae	Kwang-Gae Tul.
	Ready posture: Parallel stance heaven hand.	Junbi jase: Narani so hanulson.
1.	Close ready stance B, bringing both hands in a circular motion.	Moa junbi sogi B, [bringing both hands in a circular motion].	1.
2.	Left walking stance reverse upset punch. Perform in a slow motion.	Wen gunnun so bandae dwijibo jirugi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	2.
3.	Right walking stance reverse upset punch. Perform in a slow motion.	Orun gunnun so bandae dwijibo jirugi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	3.
4.	Double stepping motion, right walking stance palm high hooking block.	[Double stepping motion,] orun gunnun so sonbadak nopunde golcho makgi.	4.
5.	Sliding motion, right L-stance knife-hand low guarding block.	[Sliding motion,] orun niunja so sonkal najunde daebi makgi.	5.
6.	Double stepping motion, left walking stance palm high hooking block.	[Double stepping motion,] wen gunnun so sonbadak nopunde golcho makgi.	6.
7.	Sliding motion, left L-stance knife-hand low guarding block.	[Sliding motion,] wen niunja so sonkal najunde daebi makgi.	7.
8.	Right rear foot stance knife-hand high guarding block.	Orun dwitbal so sonkal nopunde daebi makgi.	8.
9.	Left rear foot stance knife-hand high guarding block.	Wen dwitbal so sonkal nopunde daebi makgi.	9.
10.	Double step-turning motion, left walking stance palm reverse upward block. Perform in a slow motion.	[Double step-turning motion,] wen gunnun so sonbadak bandae ollyo makgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	10.
11.	Right walking stance palm reverse upward block. Perform in a slow motion.	Orun gunnun so sonbadak bandae ollyo makgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	11.
12.	Close stance right knife-hand low front block, in a circular motion, hitting the left palm.	Moa so orun sonkal najunde ap makgi, [in a circular motion, hitting the left palm].	12.
13.	Left outward (pressing) kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 12.	Wen bakuro (noollo) chagi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 12].	13.
14.	Left middle side piercing kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 13.	Wen kaunde yopcha jirugi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 13].	14.
	Perform 13 and 14 in a consecutive kick.
15.	Right L-stance knife-hand high inward strike, bringing the left side fist in front of the right shoulder.	Orun niunja so sonkal nopunde anuro taerigi, [bringing the left side fist in front of the right shoulder].	15.
16.	Close stance left side fist downward strike.	Moa so wen yop joomuk naeryo taerigi.	16.
17.	Right outward (pressing) kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 16.	Orun bakuro (noollo) chagi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 16].	17.
18.	Right middle side piercing kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 17.	Orun kaunde yopcha jirugi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 17].	18.
	Perform 17 and 18 in a consecutive kick.
19.	Left L-stance knife-hand high inward strike, bringing the right side fist in front of the left shoulder.	Wen niunja so sonkal nopunde anuro taerigi, [bringing the right side fist in front of the left shoulder].	19.
20.	Close stance right side fist downward strike.	Moa so orun yop joomuk naeryo taerigi.	20.
21.	Left low stance palm reverse pressing block. Perform in a slow motion.	Wen nachuo so sonbadak bandae noollo makgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	21.
22.	Right low stance palm reverse pressing block. Perform in a slow motion.	Orun nachuo so sonbadak bandae noollo makgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	22.
23.	Stamping motion, sitting stance right back fist high side strike.	[Stamping motion,] annun so orun dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	23.
24.	Right walking stance double forearm middle block.	Orun gunnun so doo palmok kaunde makgi.	24.
25.	Shifting motion, right walking stance forearm low reverse block, keeping the position of the right hand as it was in 24.	[Shifting motion,] orun gunnun so palmok najunde bandae makgi, [keeping the position of the right hand as it was in 24].	25.
26.	Right low stance flat fingertip high thrust. Perform in a slow motion.	Orun nachuo so opun sonkut nopunde tulgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	26.
27.	Stamping motion, sitting stance left back fist high side strike.	[Stamping motion,] annun so wen dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi.	27.
28.	Left walking stance double forearm middle block.	Wen gunnun so doo palmok kaunde makgi.	28.
29.	Shifting motion, left walking stance forearm low reverse block, keeping the position of the right hand as it was in 28.	[Shifting motion,] wen gunnun so palmok najunde bandae makgi, [keeping the position of the left hand as it was in 28].	29.
30.	Left low stance flat fingertip high thrust. Perform in a slow motion.	Wen nachuo so opun sonkut nopunde tulgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	30.
31.	Stamping motion, right walking stance twin fist high vertical punch.	[Stamping motion,] orun gunnun so sang joomuk nopunde sewo jirugi.	31.
32.	Stamping motion, left walking stance twin fist upset punch.	[Stamping motion,] wen gunnun so sang joomuk dwijibo jirugi.	32.
33.	Right middle front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 32.	Orun kaunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 32].	33.
34.	Left L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	34.
35.	Left walking stance high punch.	Wen gunnun so nopunde jirugi.	35.
36.	Stamping motion, right walking stance twin fist upset punch.	[Stamping motion,] orun gunnun so sang joomuk dwijibo jirugi.	36.
37.	Left middle front snap kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 36.	Wen kaunde apcha busigi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 36].	37.
38.	Right L-stance knife-hand middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so sonkal kaunde daebi makgi.	38.
39.	Right walking stance high punch.	Orun gunnun so nopunde jirugi.	39.
	End: Bring the left foot back to ready posture.

	Po-Eun	Po-Eun Tul.
	Ready posture: Parallel stance heaven hand.	Junbi jase: Narani so hanulson.
1.	Right L-stance forearm middle guarding block.	Orun niunja so palmok kaunde daebi makgi.	1.
2.	Left one-leg stance, lifting both fists.	Wen waebal sogi, [lifting both fists].	2.
3.	Right outward (pressing) kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 2.	Orun bakuro (noollo) chagi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 2].	3.
4.	Sitting stance right knife-hand middle side strike.	Annun so orun sonkal kaunde yop taerigi.	4.
5.	Sitting stance left fist angle punch.	Annun so wen joomuk giokja jirugi.	5.
6.	Sitting stance left forefist pressing block and right inner forearm side front block.	Annun so wen ap joomuk noollo makgi wa orun anpalmok yobap makgi.	6.
7.	Sitting stance right forefist pressing block and left inner forearm side front block.	Annun so orun ap joomuk noollo makgi wa wen anpalmok yobap makgi.	7.
8.	Sitting stance inner forearm middle wedging block.	Annun so anpalmok kaunde hechyo makgi.	8.
9.	Sitting stance right back elbow thrust, supporting the right forefist with the left palm.	Annun so orun dwit palkup tulgi, [supporting the right forefist with the left palm].	9.
10.	Sitting stance right fist middle punch, slipping the left palm up to the right elbow joint.	Annun so orun joomuk kaunde jirugi, [slipping the left palm up to the right elbow joint].	10.
11.	Sitting stance left back elbow thrust, supporting the left forefist with the right palm.	Annun so wen dwit palkup tulgi, [supporting the left forefist with the right palm].	11.
12.	Sitting stance right horizontal punch.	Annun so orun soopyong jirugi.	12.
	Perform 6 to 12 in a continuous motion.
13.	Right X-stance outer forearm low obverse front block, bringing the left finger belly on the right under forearm.	Orun kyocha so bakat palmok najunde baro ap makgi, [bringing the left finger belly on the right under forearm].	13.
14.	Left L-stance U-shape grasp.	Wen niunja so digutja japgi.	14.
15.	Close stance twin elbow horizontal thrust. Perform in a slow motion.	Moa so sang palkup soopyong tulgi. [Perform in a slow motion.]	15.
16.	Sitting stance right back fist side back strike, extending the left arm to the side-downward.	Annun so orun dung joomuk yopdwi taerigi, [extending the left arm to the side downward].	16.
17.	Left X-stance outer forearm low obverse front block, bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist.	Wen kyocha so bakat palmok najunde baro ap makgi, [bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist].	17.
18.	Sitting stance reverse knife-hand low guarding block to B.	Annun so sonkal najunde B-bang daebi makgi.	18.
19.	Left L-stance forearm middle guarding block.	Wen niunja so palmok kaunde daebi makgi.	19.
20.	Right one-leg stance, lifting both fists.	Orun waebal sogi, [lifting both fists].	20.
21.	Left outward (pressing) kick, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 20.	Wen bakuro (noollo) chagi, [keeping the position of the hands as they were in 20].	21.
22.	Sitting stance left knife-hand middle side strike.	Annun so wen sonkal kaunde yop taerigi.	22.
23.	Sitting stance right fist angle punch.	Annun so orun joomuk giokja jirugi.	23.
24.	Sitting stance right forefist pressing block and left inner forearm side front block.	Annun so orun ap joomuk noollo makgi wa wen anpalmok yobap makgi.	24.
25.	Sitting stance left forefist pressing block and right inner forearm side front block.	Annun so wen ap joomuk noollo makgi wa orun anpalmok yobap makgi.	25.
26.	As 8.	As 8.	26.
27.	Sitting stance left back elbow thrust, supporting the left forefist with the right palm.	Annun so wen dwit palkup tulgi, [supporting the left forefist with the right palm].	27.
28.	Sitting stance left fist middle punch, slipping the right palm up to the left elbow joint.	Annun so wen joomuk kaunde jirugi, [slipping the right palm up to the left elbow joint].	28.
29.	Sitting stance right back elbow thrust, supporting the right forefist with the left palm.	Annun so orun dwit palkup tulgi, [supporting the right forefist with the left palm].	29.
30.	Sitting stance left horizontal punch.	Annun so left soopyong jirugi.	30.
	Perform 24 to 30 in a continuous motion.
31.	Left X-stance outer forearm low obverse front block, bringing the right finger belly on the left under forearm.	Wen kyocha so bakat palmok najunde baro ap makgi, [bringing the right finger belly on the left under forearm].	31.
32.	Right L-stance U-shape grasp.	Orun niunja so dig

Black Belt Essay

A translation of the Chang Hon pattern set into Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean, including an English-Korean/Korean-English Taekwon-Do dictionary Third dan thesis, submitted by Mark Banicevich, II dan ITFNZ Papakura/University of Auckland

A translation of the Chang Hon pattern set into Taekwon-Do terminology in Korean, including an English-Korean/Korean-English Taekwon-Do dictionary

Third dan thesis, submitted by Mark Banicevich, II dan
ITFNZ Papakura/University of Auckland